Important
Reference chapters covering cellular electrophysiology, coronary syndromes, arrhythmias, pacing, cardiomyopathies, and catheter ablation.
Chapters
| Module Number | Topic Title | Core Clinical Focus |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | 01. Cellular Cardiac Electrophysiology and Vectorcardiography | Action potentials ($0-4$), ionic currents ($I_{Na}, I_{Kr}, I_{Ca}$), spatial QRS-T angle, $fQRS$. |
| 02 | 02. Chamber Enlargement and Vectorial Hypertrophy Criteria | P-mitrale, Bayés syndrome, LVH criteria (Cornell, Sokolow-Lyon, Romhilt-Estes), RVH. |
| 03 | 03. Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances and Fascicular Blocks | LAFB, LPFB, Bifascicular/Trifascicular blocks, Ashman phenomenon, H-V interval. |
| 04 | 04. Acute Coronary Syndromes and Regional Myocardial Infarction | STEMI regional localization (LAD vs RCA vs LCx), RV infarction ($V_3R/V_4R$), Posterior MI ($V_7-V_9$). |
| 05 | 05. High-Risk STEMI Equivalents and Occlusion Myocardial Infarction | Wellens, de Winter, LMCA/aVR elevation, Modified Sgarbossa in LBBB, Aslanger, Shark Fin. |
| 06 | 06. Non-Atherosclerotic Acute Coronary Syndromes (SCAD, MINOCA, Prinzmetal, Kounis) | SCAD conservative management, Prinzmetal spasm, MINOCA workup, Kounis allergic ACS. |
| 07 | 07. Complex Supraventricular Arrhythmias and Differential Diagnosis | Short vs Long RP tachycardias, AVNRT (slow-fast/fast-slow), AVRT, PJRT, Modified Valsalva. |
| 08 | 08. Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, and Anticoagulation Strategies | Irregularly irregular rhythm, typical/atypical flutter, FBI rhythm, $\text{CHA}_2\text{DS}_2\text{-VASc}$, PVI/PFA. |
| 09 | 09. Wide Complex Tachycardia Differentiation Algorithms | Brugada, Vereckei aVR, Pava RWPT $\ge 50\text{ ms}$, AV dissociation, capture/fusion beats. |
| 10 | 10. Idiopathic and Structural Ventricular Tachycardias | Belhassen fascicular VT (verapamil-sensitive), RVOT/LVOT VT, Post-infarction scar VT. |
| 11 | 11. Conventional Pacemaker and ICD Electrocardiography | NBG codes, failure to pace/capture/sense, PMT endless loop, pseudomalfunctions. |
| 12 | 12. Conduction System Pacing (His Bundle and Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing) | HBP vs LBBAP, criteria for left bundle capture (LVAT $<80\text{ ms}$, $qR$ in $V_1$), CRT. |
| 13 | 13. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Apical Yamaguchi Syndrome | Dagger septal Q waves, Yamaguchi giant negative T waves ($>10\text{ mm}$), Mavacamten, ICD. |
| 14 | 14. Infiltrative and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathies (Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, Myocarditis) | Voltage-mass discordance, pseudoinfarct, Tafamidis in ATTR amyloid, Sarcoid AV block. |
| 15 | 15. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathies (ARVC and Non-Desmosomal Variants) | Epsilon waves in $V_1-V_3$, precordial T-wave inversions, exercise restriction, ICD. |
| 16 | 16. Valvular Heart Diseases, Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse, and MAD Syndrome | Arrhythmic MVP, Mitral Annular Disjunction, Pickelhaube sign, TAVR-induced LBBB. |
| 17 | 17. Inherited Channelopathies and Primary Electrical Diseases | Brugada Type 1 (Ajmaline test), Short QT, Malignant Early Repolarization, CPVT, Quinidine. |
| 18 | 18. Pulmonary Hypertension, Acute Cor Pulmonale, and Massive Pulmonary Embolism | $S_1Q_3T_3$, precordial+inferior T inversions, McConnell sign, systemic thrombolysis. |
| 19 | 19. Acute Neurological, Environmental, and Critical Care Emergencies | SAH Cerebral T waves, Hypothermia Osborn J waves ($<32^\circ\text{C}$), active core rewarming. |
| 20 | 20. Electrolyte Derangements, Acid-Base Disorders, and Toxicities | TCA toxicity (terminal R in aVR $>3\text{ mm}$), Digoxin toxicity, IV Sodium Bicarbonate. |
| 21 | 21. Cardio-Oncology and Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicities | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor myocarditis (high-dose steroids), Anthracyclines, TKI $QTc$. |
| 22 | 22. Sports Cardiology and International Criteria for Athlete ECG | Athlete's heart vs cardiomyopathy, International Consensus criteria (normal vs abnormal). |
| 23 | 23. Advanced 3D Electroanatomical Mapping and Catheter Ablation Principles | CARTO/EnSite voltage substrate mapping, entrainment mapping (PPI-TCL $<30\text{ ms}$), PFA. |
| 24 | 24. Intracardiac Electrophysiology Study Tracings and Lewis Ladder Diagrams | Intracardiac EGMs (HRA, HBE, CS, RVA), A-H/H-V intervals, Lewis ladder diagram drafting. |
| 25 | 25. Clinical Case Vignettes and Electrophysiology Spotters | Multi-lead 12-lead mystery cases, ladder diagram solutions, curative electrophysiology. |